{"id":479240,"date":"2020-08-10T11:17:21","date_gmt":"2020-08-10T08:17:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.etoro.com\/?page_id=479240"},"modified":"2025-11-03T14:20:57","modified_gmt":"2025-11-03T12:20:57","slug":"what-is-cryptocurrency","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.etoro.com\/cs-cz\/crypto\/what-is-cryptocurrency\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je kryptom\u011bna a jak funguje?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kryptom\u011bna je digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bna, kter\u00e1 funguje na decentralizovan\u00e9 s\u00edti zvan\u00e9 \u201eblockchain\u201c. Transakce jsou zabezpe\u010deny kryptografi\u00ed a prob\u00edhaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo mezi u\u017eivateli bez pot\u0159eby z\u00e1sahu bank. Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd centr\u00e1ln\u00ed vydavatel a k jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed sta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k internetu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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Sv\u011bt kryptom\u011bn a decentralizovan\u00fdch financ\u00ed (DeFi)<\/e-tip><\/strong> se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t ze za\u010d\u00e1tku matouc\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed ch\u00e1pe kryptom\u011bny jako vysoce volatiln\u00ed<\/e-tip><\/strong> t\u0159\u00eddu aktiv<\/strong> s obrovsk\u00fdm potenci\u00e1lem rizika a v\u00fdnosu \u2013 to je v\u0161ak pouze polovina cel\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Tip: <\/strong>Navzdory velk\u00e9mu kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed cen jsou kryptom\u011bny ve sv\u00e9m j\u00e1dru bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, decentralizovan\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny, kter\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed alternativu k tradi\u010dn\u00edm fiat m\u011bn\u00e1m podporovan\u00fdm vl\u00e1dou.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Co je t\u011b\u017eba kryptom\u011bn?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u011b\u017eba kryptom\u011bn je proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m po\u010d\u00edta\u010de \u0159e\u0161\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9 matematick\u00e9 \u00falohy k ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed transakc\u00ed na <\/strong>blockchainu<\/strong><\/a>. Za tuto pr\u00e1ci jsou \u201et\u011b\u017ea\u0159i\u201c odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1ni nov\u00fdmi jednotkami dan\u00e9 kryptom\u011bny. Jde o kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd mechanismus pro zabezpe\u010den\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch minc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Obecn\u011b existuj\u00ed t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak z\u00edskat kryptom\u011bny: jako odm\u011bnu za pr\u00e1ci odvedenou na blockchainu; n\u00e1kupem na kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 burze<\/e-tip><\/strong> nebo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm t\u011b\u017eby<\/strong>. T\u011b\u017eba kryptom\u011bn je jedn\u00edm z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, ale zato \u010dasto  nepochopen\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f generov\u00e1n\u00ed kryptom\u011bn, v\u010detn\u011b bitcoin\u016f<\/a> (BTC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo zapojen\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edch stran, u\u017eivatel\u00e9 maj\u00ed za \u00fakol ov\u011b\u0159ovat a p\u0159id\u00e1vat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 transakce s kryptom\u011bnami do blockchainu<\/strong>. N\u011bkter\u00e9 blockchainy, ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako Proof of Work (POW)<\/e-tip><\/strong> s\u00edt\u011b, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b syst\u00e9m \u201et\u011b\u017eby\u201c, aby zajistily, \u017ee je syst\u00e9m pln\u011b decentralizovan\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Tip:<\/strong> T\u011b\u017eba kryptom\u011bn je energeticky velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd proces<\/a>. Investo\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed z\u00e1jem o n\u00e1kup vlastn\u00edch krypto aktiv, je mohou nakoupit na burz\u00e1ch nebo na obchodn\u00edch platform\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed z\u00e1jem o tuto pr\u00e1ci, se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u201evalid\u00e1to\u0159i\u201c. Valid\u00e1to\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 zdroje k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fdch matematick\u00fdch \u00faloh. Prvn\u00ed osoba, respektive po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, kter\u00fd tuto \u00falohu vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b, automaticky z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 zp\u016fsobilost pro ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho bloku transakc\u00ed. Valid\u00e1to\u0159i se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u201et\u011b\u017ea\u0159i\u201c, jeliko\u017e p\u0159i tomto procesu vznikaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 coiny, kter\u00e9 se distribuuj\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm t\u011b\u017ea\u0159\u016fm jako odm\u011bna za jejich pr\u00e1ci<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poznejte trh s kryptom\u011bnami<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trh s kryptom\u011bnami je dynamick\u00fd a rychle se vyv\u00edj\u00ed<\/strong>. Bitcoin vznikl v roce 2009 jako alternativa k fiat m\u011bn\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u2013 nap\u0159. USD<\/a>. Dnes existuj\u00ed tis\u00edce kryptom\u011bn, kter\u00e9 pln\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely \u2013 od plateb p\u0159es smart kontrakty a\u017e po spr\u00e1vu digit\u00e1ln\u00edch aktiv. Rovn\u011b\u017e je lze vn\u00edmat jako investi\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trh <\/strong>s kryptom\u011bnami m\u016f\u017eeme rozd\u011blit na kryptom\u011bny (nap\u0159. Ethereum<\/a>) a krypto tokeny (nap\u0159. ApeCoin<\/a>), kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed na jin\u00fdch blockchainech. Kryptom\u011bny vznikaj\u00ed na vlastn\u00edch blockchainech, zat\u00edmco tokeny vznikaj\u00ed na ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edch blockchainech.<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u016fzn\u00e9 typy kryptom\u011bn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S rostouc\u00ed popularitou kryptom\u011bn a krypto trhu obecn\u011b je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9, aby potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed krypto investo\u0159i porozum\u011bli r\u016fzn\u00fdm typ\u016fm jednotliv\u00fdch digit\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn<\/strong>, jako jsou tzv. utility tokeny, payment tokeny, security tokeny nebo governance tokeny, a jejich praktick\u00e9mu vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Typ tokenu<\/th>Funkce<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Utility<\/strong><\/td>Pln\u00ed specifick\u00e9 funkce na sv\u00fdch blockchainech<\/strong> a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016fm prov\u00e1d\u011bt ur\u010dit\u00e9 aktivity v s\u00edti nebo v decentralizovan\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch (DApp)<\/e-tip><\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr>
Security<\/strong><\/td>P\u0159edstavuj\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed dan\u00e9ho krypto aktiva<\/strong>. \u010casto jsou vyd\u00e1v\u00e1ny a nab\u00edzeny spole\u010dnostmi za \u00fa\u010delem z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed kapit\u00e1lu<\/e-tip><\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr>
Payment<\/strong><\/td>
Obvykle maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed blockchainy a jen v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b slou\u017e\u00ed pro jin\u00fd \u00fa\u010del ne\u017e pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v r\u00e1mci platebn\u00edch transakc\u00ed<\/strong>. <\/td><\/tr>
Governance <\/strong><\/td>
P\u0159edstavuj\u00ed hlasovac\u00ed pr\u00e1va na blockchainu.<\/strong> Dr\u017eitel\u00e9 t\u011bchto token\u016f mohou hlasovat o sm\u011bru, kter\u00fdm se bude blockchainov\u00fd projekt ub\u00edrat, a pom\u00e1haj\u00ed tak dodr\u017eet princip decentralizovan\u00e9ho rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pochopen\u00ed rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi typy token\u016f pom\u00e1h\u00e1 l\u00e9pe se orientovat v krypto sv\u011bt\u011b<\/strong> a rozpoznat jejich konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed. A\u0165 u\u017e jde o p\u0159\u00edstup k funkc\u00edm aplikac\u00ed, hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed o sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed projektu nebo samotn\u00e9 platby, ka\u017ed\u00fd token pln\u00ed svou specifickou roli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Top 10 kryptom\u011bn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Z hlediska popularity dominuj\u00ed trhu p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dv\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kryptom\u011bny \u2013 bitcoin<\/a> a ethereum<\/a>. Krom\u011b nich v\u0161ak existuje cel\u00e1 \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch kryptom\u011bn, kter\u00e9 mohou investo\u0159i zv\u00e1\u017eit<\/strong>. Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kryptom\u011bny<\/a> se obvykle \u0159ad\u00ed podle tr\u017en\u00ed kapitalizace, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e po\u0159ad\u00ed TOP 10 kryptom\u011bn se neust\u00e1le m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Tip:<\/strong> Jeliko\u017e je Bitcoin v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed kryptom\u011bnou, kter\u00e1 vznikla, v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed kryptom\u011bny se ozna\u010duj\u00ed za \u201ealtcoiny\u201c. V\u00fdjimkou je Ethereum (ETH), kter\u00e9 mnoz\u00ed za altcoin nepova\u017euj\u00ed vzhledem k jeho tr\u017en\u00ed kapitalizaci.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Seznam top 10 kryptom\u011bn obvykle zahrnuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy kryptom\u011bn a krypto token\u016f<\/strong>, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n