{"id":541807,"date":"2023-06-07T19:10:49","date_gmt":"2023-06-07T16:10:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.etoro.com\/?page_id=541807"},"modified":"2025-10-30T11:14:19","modified_gmt":"2025-10-30T09:14:19","slug":"psychology-of-investing","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.etoro.com\/cs-cz\/investing\/psychology-of-investing\/","title":{"rendered":"Psychologie v investov\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee pomoci zlep\u0161it investov\u00e1n\u00ed. A\u0165 u\u017e sv\u00e9 investice pl\u00e1nujete, nebo sledujete kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed hodnoty sv\u00fdch aktiv, emoce mohou ovlivnit va\u0161e rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed. A vy byste to m\u011bli br\u00e1t v potaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Studie o psychologii investov\u00e1n\u00ed zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee mimo racion\u00e1ln\u00edho my\u0161len\u00ed v\u00e1s ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed, skryt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pohnutky. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich si ani nemus\u00edte uv\u011bdomovat. A pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 o nich v\u011bd\u011bt a p\u0159ipravit se na situace, kdy by v\u00e1s mohly ovlivnit. A to bez ohledu na velikost va\u0161ich pozic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Realistick\u00fd pohled na<\/strong> investi\u010dn\u00ed c\u00edle<\/strong><\/a>, vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jasn\u00e9 strategie a lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch investi\u010dn\u00edch pojm\u016f<\/strong> je skv\u011bl\u00fdm z\u00e1kladem pro jak\u00fdkoli investi\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Dlouhodob\u00fd trend je d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fd v\u00fdkyv.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ur\u010dit\u00e9 aspekty lidsk\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak mohou ne\u010dekan\u011b ovlivnit v\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159\u00edstup<\/strong> a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00e9st ke \u0161patn\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm. Emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed investov\u00e1n\u00ed je obvykle \u0161patn\u00e9 investov\u00e1n\u00ed a existuje n\u011bkolik psychologick\u00fdch n\u00e1strah, p\u0159ed kter\u00fdmi byste se m\u011bli m\u00edt na pozoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00e1ze pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 kvalitn\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00ed strategie za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 dobr\u00fdm pl\u00e1nem<\/strong>. Ten v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee vyhnout se n\u00e1strah\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 na v\u00e1s po cest\u011b budou \u010d\u00edhat. P\u00e1r z nich najdete v tabulce n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div>
N\u00e1straha<\/strong><\/th>Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Sta\u0159\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>Investo\u0159i se \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na aktiva a trhy, kter\u00e9 dob\u0159e znaj\u00ed, m\u00edsto aby zkoumali nov\u00e9 oblasti<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 by mohly l\u00e9pe odpov\u00eddat jejich rizikov\u00e9mu profilu <\/strong>a investi\u010dn\u00edm c\u00edl\u016fm. C\u00edt\u00ed se tak bezpe\u010dn\u011bji, i kdy\u017e opak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pravdou.<\/td><\/tr>
Ukotven\u00ed (prvn\u00ed dojem)<\/strong><\/td>Investo\u0159i \u010dasto p\u0159ikl\u00e1daj\u00ed prvn\u00ed informaci, kterou obdr\u017e\u00ed, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam<\/strong>. Zm\u011bna prvn\u00edho dojmu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1, i kdy\u017e dal\u0161\u00ed relevantn\u00ed faktory nazna\u010duj\u00ed opak. Dr\u017ete se sv\u00fdch z\u00e1sad, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 bu\u010fte kriti\u010dt\u00ed v\u016f\u010di sob\u011b sam\u00fdm.<\/td><\/tr>
P\u0159ece\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edly<\/strong><\/td>Investo\u0159i tak\u00e9 ob\u010das p\u0159ece\u0148uj\u00ed svou schopnost zachovat zdr\u017eenlivost a chladnou hlavu<\/strong> tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 poku\u0161en\u00ed. Pokud z\u00edsk\u00e1te pocit, \u017ee je dan\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost \u201etutovka\u201c, je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 odolat a nezv\u011bt\u0161it pozici. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu riziku<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>
Mentalita st\u00e1da<\/strong><\/td>Investo\u0159i se ve sv\u00e9m rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasto nechaj\u00ed strhnout davem, m\u00edsto toho, aby si ud\u011blali vlastn\u00ed pr\u016fzkum a n\u00e1zor. Bu\u010fte skepti\u010dt\u00ed a nezahrnujte do sv\u00e9ho portfolia nic, co neprojde s\u00edtem<\/strong> va\u0161\u00ed strategie jen proto, \u017ee je to trend.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno, v\u0161ichni jsme lid\u00e9 a t\u00edm p\u00e1dem m\u00e1me i sv\u00e9 slab\u00e9 str\u00e1nky. Po\u010d\u00edtejte s nimi, uv\u011bdomte si je a pop\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte, jak byste mohli zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby se projevily v tu nejnevhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed chv\u00edli<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Investi\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1ze<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dobr\u00fdm pl\u00e1nem sice v\u0161e za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1, ale otev\u0159en\u00edm pozice vstupujete do dal\u0161\u00edho d\u011bjstv\u00ed. Fluktuace tr\u017en\u00edch cen, zpr\u00e1vy, ztr\u00e1ty a dal\u0161\u00ed faktory mohou vyvolat situace, kter\u00e9 jste ve sv\u00e9m pl\u00e1nu ani nemohli zohlednit.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt l\u00e1kav\u00e9 zahodit cel\u00fd pl\u00e1n s t\u00edm, \u017ee je ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd a investovat podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho pocitu<\/strong>. Ale opravdu je to tak dobr\u00fd n\u00e1pad?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div>
N\u00e1straha<\/strong><\/th>Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Potvrzovac\u00ed zkreslen\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>Jako investo\u0159i m\u00e1me mnohdy tendenci vyhled\u00e1vat informace, kter\u00e1 podporuj\u00ed na\u0161e investi\u010dn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed a n\u00e1zory<\/strong>, m\u00edsto toho, abychom hledali nov\u00e9, alternativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy, kter\u00e9 je mohou zpochyb\u0148ovat. D\u00edky tomu n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee unikat spousta nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, nebo n\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee zasko\u010dit, kdy\u017e na\u0161e strategie najednou selh\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/td><\/tr>
Averze v\u016f\u010di ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m<\/strong><\/td>Jako investory v\u00e1s mnohem v\u00edc zas\u00e1hne, pokud va\u0161e portfolio o 6 % ztrat\u00ed<\/strong>, ne\u017e pokud se o stejnou m\u00edru zhodnot\u00ed. Pokud si ov\u0161em vytvo\u0159\u00edte portfolio, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed eliminovat jak\u00e9koliv ztr\u00e1ty, pom\u011br rizika a zisku<\/a> napov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nedos\u00e1hnete zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho zhodnocen\u00ed.<\/td><\/tr>
Pom\u011br v\u00fdher a proher<\/strong><\/td>Pokud budete cht\u00edt, aby byl ka\u017ed\u00fd obchod \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd (spoiler \u2013 nebude), pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ud\u011bl\u00e1te spoustu \u0161patn\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed. Nebojte se uzav\u0159\u00edt ztr\u00e1tovou pozici, pokud nic nenasv\u011bd\u010duje oto\u010den\u00ed trendu.<\/strong> \u010cek\u00e1n\u00edm m\u016f\u017eete situaci pouze zhor\u0161it.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tyto v\u00fdzvy z investi\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011bta jsou pouze ochutn\u00e1vkou pocit\u016f, kdy\u017e za\u010dnete p\u0159ich\u00e1zet o sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed pen\u00edze. Abyste je byli schopni ovl\u00e1dat, \u0159i\u010fte se z\u00e1kladn\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1sadou<\/a>: Nikdy neinvestujte pen\u00edze, kter\u00e9 si nem\u016f\u017eete dovolit ztratit<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>
\n

Tip:<\/strong> Vyzkou\u0161ejte si obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed bez rizika na demo \u00fa\u010dtu<\/a>. Ale bu\u010fte p\u0159ipraveni na to, \u017ee jakmile budou v s\u00e1zce va\u0161e vlastn\u00ed pen\u00edze, bude va\u0161e psychika fungovat \u00fapln\u011b jinak.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1sadn\u00edm rizikem je i faktor, kter\u00fd s investov\u00e1n\u00edm nem\u00e1 mnoho spole\u010dn\u00e9ho. Prokrastinace<\/a>. Odkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed investovat a v\u011bnovat se va\u0161im financ\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jednou z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch chyb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud zn\u00e1te z\u00e1klady investov\u00e1n\u00ed, vyberte si n\u011bjak\u00e9 aktivum s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm rizikem (t\u0159eba ETF<\/a>) a investujte hned. \u010c\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve za\u010dnete, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je \u0161ance, \u017ee \u010das zvl\u00e1dne napravit va\u0161e za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dnick\u00e9 chyby<\/strong>. Slo\u017een\u00e9 \u00faro\u010den\u00ed<\/a> je mocn\u00e1 zbra\u0148, pokud mu dop\u0159ejete dostatek prostoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u010cekat s otev\u0159en\u00edm investi\u010dn\u00ed pozice proto, abyste se dozv\u011bd\u011bli je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce a riskovali t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm rizikem<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 potk\u00e1te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak se vyhnout emocion\u00e1ln\u00edmu investov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161eho je uv\u011bdomit si, \u017ee bez ohledu na to, jak promy\u0161len\u00e1 je va\u0161e strategie, v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku va\u0161\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00ed cesty dojde ke ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proto se zku\u0161en\u00ed investo\u0159i soust\u0159ed\u00ed na dlouhodob\u00e9 c\u00edle, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e na kr\u00e1tkodobou bolest z do\u010dasn\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t.<\/strong> A tento p\u0159\u00edstup m\u016f\u017ee i v\u00e1m pomoci k tomu, abyste se nenechali un\u00e9st emocemi. Vyu\u017eijte toho, kdy\u017e se n\u011bjak\u00e9 pozici da\u0159\u00ed, ale pokud prod\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1, v\u010das ji zav\u0159ete i za cenu ztr\u00e1ty. Dlouhodob\u00fd trend je d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fd v\u00fdkyv<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faktory, kter\u00e9 vedou k emotivn\u00edmu rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete omezit d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee do sv\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu zahrnete n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed body:<\/p>\n\n\n\n